Israel e Judá como um só povo: a formação da ideologia pan-israelita entre os séculos VIII a.C. e VI a.C

Abstract

The pan-Israelite ideology, originally created in the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BC, had the function of providing an entire ideological and legitimizing apparatus for a supposed political union between Israel and Judah, by eliminating the differences between the two kingdoms and exhorting the similarities, in order to create a unified identity. To do so, the memory of a golden era is created, in which Israel and Judah would be united under a prosperous kingdom. Such memory initially develops under the aegis of Northern Israel, which, during the second half of the 8th century BC, had a clear goal of conquering Judah. In a second moment, such memory was appropriated by Judah, aiming to legitimize the conquest of the territories that previously belonged to the Kingdom of Israel, at the end of the 7th century BC, under the government of Josiah (648-609 BC). At this moment, such pan-Israelism was enriched with a whole literary body organized by the Deuteronomist school, in order to create the tradition of a utopic Unified Kingdom between Israel and Judah, governed by the Judaist King David. Finally, the pan-Israelite ideology was essential for the maintenance of the identity formed by the groups exiled from Babylon at the 6th century BC, since the Israelite and Judaist traditions were amalgamated, with the intention of forming what would later be Judaism. This study aims to analyze the internal development of pan-Israelism in the societies of Judah and Israel, as well as to understand its development in the captive community in Babylon. In order for such a study to be carried out, it seeks to understand how those in power made use of that ideological apparatus to legitimize a process of military and territorial conquest, and also to understand how the idea of a unified Pan-Israel became the basis for the nascent exilic Judaism. It seeks to understand the development of pan-Israelism throughout those three moments, as well as to trace the inherent continuity lines throughout its application and experiencing processes in such a context.