"Barreiras não tarifárias, ambiente de negócios e produtividade: avaliando a (des)integração dos Estados Brasileiros "

Abstract

The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate how barriers to international trade impact the integration of Brazilian states into the traditional trade flow and into Global Value Chains (GVC). To achieve this goal, this thesis was divided into two parts. In the first one, it was evaluated how the effects of all Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) on exports from Brazilian states, in gross values and in value added. In the second part, it was evaluated how the business environment, the productivity and the Technical Tarriers to Trade (TBT) - the main NTM - impact Brazilian states’ exports, in gross values and in value added. To address these objectives, gravity models, global and inter-regional input-output matrices, measures of productive integration to the GVCs and indicators of business environment and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) were used. The main results indicated that i) the NTMs affect differently the integration of Brazilian states into the traditional trade flow and GVC, impacting almost twice as much the integration into GVCs; ii) the effect of NTM on exports divides Brazil in four groups of states, related accordingly to their regional characteristics; iii) the integration of Brazilian states into GVC is directly associated with the presence of comparative advantages that, in general, are related to the export of commodities or the existence of natural resources; iv) the business environment, the productivity and the TBT impact integration with GVC more than traditional trade flow; and, v) the states in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions are the least influenced by the business environment, the productivity and the TBT.