Análise da estrutura canônica do setor de calibre CPT-Par massivo do modelo padrão estendido

Abstract

In this work, it is investigated the canonical structure of the CPT-even gauge sector of the standard model extension (SME) coupled with a Proca term, through the Dirac method for constrained systems and an improved form of the gauge unfixing formalism. The gauge sector of the standard model extension contains 23 parameters that violate, spontaneously, the Lorentz invariance. 19 of 23 parameters are contained within the CPT-even term. The CPT-even gauge sector of the SME is originally a gauge invariant system (that presents first class constraints in its structure), but, if coupled with a Proca term, the gauge symmetry is broken, resulting in the presence of second class constraints in the model. Therefore, the Dirac brackets of the model are calculated. Through the improved GU method, one converts the second class model into a first class one and, then, the hidden symmetries of the canonical structure are revealed. Two gauge invariant models were obtained, in which the Poisson brackets between the first class variables of the phase space are consistent with the Dirac brackets involving the original second class ones.