Desafios da transição energética no Brasil: um olhar a partir da economia ecológica

Abstract

Brazil is one of the most attractive emerging markets for investments in renewable energy and its energy matrix has a privileged situation compared to the global matrix, given that more than 40% of it is composed of renewable sources. In this context, the present study sought to understand, in both an economic and environmental sense, what are the main barriers found in the country that hinder the process of energy transition towards renewable and sustainable sources. A bibliographic research was carried out, using some texts of Ecological Economics to understand from their theoretical and methodological bases how this transition process would take place in an efficient way. The fact that Brazil has important natural resources and has the chance to stand out specifically in the use of solar and wind energy, since their respective sources exist in an abundant way in the country, would allow a greater diversification of the Brazilian energy matrix. However, the results showed that this transition process mainly involves political, financial, technological and social measures, making it time-consuming. Another important point is that, once a country has solidified its main energy source, in the case of Brazil the large hydroelectric plants, the transition process is more difficult, as investments in renewable sources bring uncertainties to investors, in addition to presenting higher costs.