Identificação da situação da cobertura da vacina Pneumocócica 10-Valente, no município de Juiz de Fora

Abstract

The knowledge arising from studies related to immunization represents a great advance for science. He was responsible for profound changes in the morbidity and mortality profile of infectious diseases, preventing deaths from diseases that, for millennia, haunted humanity. Activities related to population vaccination are in line with the practice of Collective Health, in which the theoretical field is permeated by scientific, political and social issues. In Brazil, the National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1973, organized vaccination actions, optimizing their scope. The efficiency of this program was recognized even internationally. After decades of progressive success, the PNI has undergone changes, including the inclusion of new immunobiologicals and changes in the forms of vaccine registration, which impact coverage rates. The present research aimed to study the situation of coverage of the Pneumococcal Conjugate 10-Valente (PCV-10) vaccine in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, from 2010 to 2020, given its epidemiological significance in the prevention of common diseases in Brazil. childhood and also for reverberating in the health of elderly individuals (BALALLAI, 2020). The analyzed population comprised that belonging to the pediatric age group of children under 12 months of age, period in which the largest number of doses to be administered is concentrated, in a shorter period of time. For this purpose, vaccination coverage data were obtained from the Information System Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SI-PNI) and the Health Department of Juiz de Fora. To deepen the theme, semi-structured interviews were also carried out, which were treated by the content analysis method proposed by Minayo (2013). Based on the analysis of the results, it was possible to identify a scenario related to PCV-10, and also to the other vaccines, which reflects a trend towards a progressive increase in vaccine coverage during the period studied. However, weaknesses were found in the process involving vaccine records, which can compromise management actions as well as the development of research using this database due to the distortion of the information generated. From the exposed material, it was possible to conclude that it is necessary, in a fundamental way, to adopt continuing education programs, with periodic frequency, to health workers involved in vaccination actions, as well as the development of new campaign strategies, in order to raise awareness and mobilize the population more efficiently.