Carga do câncer de mama feminino e risco atribuível ao uso de álcool na América Latina, 1990 e 2017

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female malignant neoplasm in the world and represents the leading cause of cancer death in women in less developed regions and the second leading cause of cancer death in more developed regions after lung cancer alone. Objective: To evaluate the burden of female breast cancer and the risk attributable to alcohol use in Latin America in 1990 and 2017. Methodology: The standardized rates of mortality, incidence and DALY, in general and according to alcohol use, were analyzed. 20 countries in Latin America. Data were extracted from the Global Disease Burden Study - GBD 2017, from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - IHME. Results: The highest incidence rates were observed in Uruguay and Cuba in 2017. Most countries showed an increase in incidence when compared to 1990 and 2017. The highest mortality rates and DALY for breast cancer in 2017 were observed in Uruguay, Haiti and Argentina. Only nine countries showed a change in their mortality rates when compared to 1990 and 2017, with a reduction in Brazil (-4.45%), Chile (-16.78%), Colombia (-21.14%) and Uruguay (- 17.22%), and in the Dominican Republic (+ 69.23%), El Salvador (+ 38.72%), Paraguay (+ 33.34%), Ecuador (+ 25.52%) and Mexico + 8.06%). Mortality / incidence ratios for countries ranged from 0.27 to 0.65 in 2017, but all declined when compared to 1990 and 2017. With respect to mortality and DALY for breast cancer attributable to alcohol use in 2017, the highest rates were observed in Argentina. The Sociodemographic Index (SDI) showed growth for all countries studied from 1990 to 2017. Discussion: the percentage increase in incidence for all countries between the years considered may suggest both greater exposure to disease risk factors and improved diagnoses the disease. As a consequence of the increased incidence, Uruguay also had the highest rates of breast cancer mortality in 2017, but presented a reduction in mortality, DALY and mortality ratio by incidence from 1990 to 2017. The high mortality rates and DALY for cancer of breast cancer attributable to alcohol use may be related to the increasing consumption of alcohol by women. The findings suggest that the disease burden increases as the country's level of development increases. Final Considerations: This study allowed a better understanding of the burden of breast cancer and related risk factors in Latin America. The prevention of alcohol-related problems is one of the greatest public health challenges, since alcoholic beverages are rooted in Latin America as part of the festivities, culture and economy of the region. Such findings can serve as an instrument for managers in prioritizing health prevention actions..