Aprendizagem baseada em problemas como metodologia ativa para o ensino remoto de citologia no ensino médio

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges facing schools is to propose strategies that accompany the development of today's society and meet the demands of the 21st century student. Skills such as collaboration, creativity and curiosity are elementary and fundamental. To this end, educational institutions need to break with plastered methodologies, proposing alternatives to this strictly traditional model. Given the above, we propose a reflection of pedagogical concepts focused on the active role of the student. To this end, we advocate the use of the active Problem Based Learning (PBL) methodology. This strategy aims to teach the student to learn, behaving as a facilitator in the understanding of complex contents, such as Cell Biology. It is essential that students recognize and become aware of the cellular features to the understanding of numerous biological processes. However, due to its microscopic character, understanding this content requires a high capacity for abstraction. Thus, we intend with this work to build a didactic sequence with four activities, namely: cytological envelope, game of 7 errors, case studies and the construction of three-dimensional cellular models and analogies between the cell and the school. All structured in PBL as a pedagogical tool to facilitate the learning of Cytology content and, next, to evaluate its efficiency in terms of school performance and student satisfaction. The project was developed between the months of December 2020 to January 2021 with high school students from the Raulino Cotta Pacheco State School, in Coronel Fabriciano City - MG. Due to the Pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus, the activities of the didactic sequence were applied remotely. The results achieved were encouraging, indicating an increase of 71% in the average use and acquisition of basic skills to understand the content. In addition, there was a noticeable increase in motivation, curiosity, creativity, collaboration and responsibility, fundamental characteristics for the individual in the process of learning and human construction.