Ontologia e niilismo: das interpretações heideggerianas acerca do Zaratustra de Nietzsche

Abstract

This research investigates Heidegger's interpretations of Nietzsche's work Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Therefore, the text approaches the Heideggerian reading that declares Nietzsche as responsible for the completion of metaphysics, where the Will to Power and the Eternal Recurrence of the Same as elements of Nietzsche's fundamental metaphysical position – expressed in the motto amor fati – rest under the veiled unity of the co-pertaining between essentia and existentia. The purpose of the research is to point out that the completion of metaphysics is not the synonym for overcoming metaphysics, only the definitive entanglement within it. For Heidegger, the overman announced by Zarathustra not only does not overcome metaphysics but likewise does not overcome historical nihilism, on the contrary, he installs the project of a domination of the Earth through technology and machination, dangerously leading to the man to the deviation of his own essence in the midst of oblivion of being and errancy. Still, it is the interest of this research to trace in Heidegger's thought the path that goes from Being and Time to the period of “the turn”, paying special attention to the theme of metaphysical ontology and nihilism as a fate sent by the being itself in its withdrawal and refusal.