Formação médica e cenários da APS: percepção dos estudantes e preceptores do curso de medicina

Abstract

The concern, in the Brazilian reality, to promote medical education that is adequate to the real needs of the population has been going on since the 19th century. A transition from the hospital-centered teaching model to a patientcentered format and in Primary Health Care needs to occur not only in the curricula of medical schools, but also in the change of thinking of everyone involved: professors, students, coordinators, and managers of the SUS. This study sought to analyze the perception of students and preceptors of a medical course in the Zona da Mata Mineira on the application of skills proposed by the 2014 National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN / 2014), in practical activities carried out in the Primary Care setting for Health. Questionnaires were structured using Google Forms, and the data were compiled into Microsoft's Excel program and transported using the SPSS.25 program. After applying the instrument, three focus groups were carried out with this student and one with preceptors. The participants of the groups were chosen randomly, to represent each period of the course and it was composed, each one, by eight members. The Bardin technique was used to organize the focus group data for further analysis. A total of 237 students (71.6%) and 19 (70.4%) tutors answered the questionnaire. In the perception of students and tutors, practices in Primary Health Care contribute to the recognition of the social determination of the health-disease process, to the understanding of the demand for multidisciplinary and interprofessional work between health teams, prepare the student to work in Care Basic and allows the attributes of the SUS to be experienced during the training period. However, the permanence of the student in primary care did not contribute to promote the intention of the sample students to specialize in Family and Community Medicine.