Utilização de metodologias alternativas no ensino e prevenção de doenças parasitárias

Abstract

Intestinal parasitic diseases are diseases of an endemic nature in Brazil and constitute a serious public health problem, affecting adults and children worldwide. Knowledge about the forms of transmission and prophylactic measures of intestinal parasites, in addition to being mandatory curricular themes, can help prevent and control these infections in the population. In view of this, including health education practices in the teaching-learning process enables the construction of knowledge, allowing full exercise of citizenship and behavioral improvements. The present work had the objective to evaluate if alternative methodologies (dialogued and practical classes, educational mural, Science Fair and playful game) applied to the teaching of parasitic diseases act as a tool to facilitate learning. The study was developed with 2nd high school students from the “Professor Letro” State School in the municipality of Antônio Dias where the pre-test and the following didactic sequence were applied: theoretical and practical classes, construction of educational murals, creation and application the playful game called “Parasitological Game”, organization of a Science Fair and application of the post-test. In the initial assessment, a success rate of correct answers of 42.8% was found, revealing that the students had little knowledge about intestinal parasitic infections. Practical classes were well attended by students who were able to contextualize the content. The construction of the educational mural provided group work, encouraging cooperation between them. The Parasitological Game was widely accepted and promoted a healthy dispute making the class more enjoyable. At the Science Fair, students acted as multipliers of knowledge about parasitic diseases for the school community. In the post-test, applied after educational interventions, we found that in all questions there was an improvement in the understanding of enteroparasitosis with an average percentage of correct answers of 61.1%. The educational methodologies proposed in the didactic sequence and the game provided greater interaction and involvement of students. Thus, improving the way of teaching and inserting new tools contributed to more efficient teaching.