Extração profilática e patologias associadas aos terceiros molares inferiores impactados

Abstract

Extraction of third molars is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry. Many of these extractions are done prophylactically, with the justification of avoiding future complications, which has generated great discussion in the dental community. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the literature on the main indications for the prophylactic removal of third molars impacted lower, as well as on the pathologies associated with them. The impacted lower third molars are the teeth most associated with pathologies and surgical complications. Among the main pathologies are pericoronitis, periodontal diseases, caries, external root resorption, cysts and tumors. In relation to complications, the risk of fracture associated with the mandibular position of the impacted third molars is addressed. The big question is about the indication of extraction or maintenance of these teeth. In the literature, data are found that prove that even when these teeth are asymptomatic and without pathology on clinical and radiographic examination, they can be associated with hidden pathology and generate future risks. It is also possible to conclude that the radiographic examination is of paramount importance for correct planning and choice of the best treatment approach. For such a choice, several factors must be considered, including the patient's age, as the degree of morbidity increases with age. These exams are also important in the periodic control to be performed when the management is the maintenance of the asymptomatic impacted lower third molar.