Influência de fatores climáticos na morbidade/mortalidade de micoses em Minas Gerais e avaliação de plantas nativas para tratamento de micoses

Abstract

Systemic mycoses are an important public health problem because they are neglected. It’s related to regions with low human development and under the influence of climatic conditions. In this way, the development of new antifungal agents from native plants is essential for these populations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of climate and sociodemographic variables on the prevalence of systemic mycoses in Minas Gerais during the period from 1998 to 2018 and to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of plants native to Brazil. The correlation between Mycosis Hospitalizations (MH) and Mortality by Mycosis (MM), sociodemographic and climatic data obtained in national databases during the selected period using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic extracts of the Euphorbia prostrata and Garcinia gardneriana leaves was determined for C. albicans, C. neoformans and C. gattii by broth microdilution test. Cities with high demographic density and larger amounts of SUS establishments have a lower % of MH / MM frequency. On the other hand, municipalities with higher HDI have a lower % of frequency of mortality by paracoccidioidomycosis. It was observed that most cities in Minas Gerais with the highest % of relative annual frequency of MH and MM due to aspergillosis and candidiasis have temperate climate. The data showed that wind speed is a climatic factor that significantly influenced MH. In relation to plants, ethanolic extracts did not show promising antifungal activity, with MIC> 100mg / L. Our data showed that climate has an important influence on MH and MM, and further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between climate and mycoses.