Avaliação da estabilidade de cor e sensibilidade dentária de diferentes técnicas de clareamento dental

Abstract

For the treatment of chromatic alterations, as a less invasive alternative for the aesthetic harmony of the smile, the most used procedure nowadays is tooth whitening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the whitening efficacy, color stability and dental sensitivity obtained with three whitening techniques, by means of a randomized controlled clinical study. After approval of the study by the UFJF CEP (Opinion 2.410.125), thirty patients were selected, aged between 18 and 30 years old, and according to the inclusion criteria of the study: age ranging from 18 to 60 years, satisfactory general health, good oral hygiene, absence of periodontal disease, teeth with pulpal vitality, teeth free of caries and without restorations on the buccal surface, absence of fluorosis or changes in enamel or dentin, as well as coloration of the teeth in the color A2 or darker. The research was carried out at the Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora – Governador Valadares campus. They were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n=10), according to the bleaching technique: supervised at-home bleaching (G1), office bleaching (G2) and associated bleaching (G3). The color records were performed at the initial moment and weekly during the bleaching treatment using a digital spectrophotometer (Easyshade) and the CIE L*a*b* system. To verify color stability, new measurements were performed 6 and 12 months after bleaching. For dental sensitivity evaluation, each participant wrote down their daily pain perception according to a subjective verbal rating scale. The data on color change and color stability after tooth whitening were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and Tukey (α = 0.05) for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls for non-parametric data. The dental sensitivity data from each investigated group were statistically analysis using a Poisson regression analysis. At the end of treatment, all techniques were similarly effective in their whitening potential, although the homemade technique brought faster results. There was also no complete color stability in any of the techniques, but the combined technique showed with less color change over time. The at-home technique was the one that resulted in less dental sensitivity. We conclude that the different bleaching techniques tested in this study were similar in their efficacy, but the combined technique resulted in greater stability over time. Furthermore, the in-office and combined bleaching techniques were related to greater tooth sensitivity than the at- home technique during the treatment period.