De bancário a candidato à presidência: a trajetória de José de Magalhães Pinto

Abstract

Using biography studies - when analyzing a life story – allow us to identify the individual in his social place, his networks, his groups, and the diverse institutions that it inserts from its relations with others. We aim to understand, then, from the analysis of José de Magalhães Pinto’s political trajectory and considering the networks in which he established relations, how a banker from Minas Gerais linked to the elites of the State, was one of the founders of the UDN - the opposition party to Vargas - and one of the main leaders of the Civil-Military Coup of March 31, 1964. We will seek to analyze family relationships, years of study at the Academia de Comércio and Colégio Lucindo Filho (current Colégio Machado Sobrinho) in Juiz de Fora, as well as the first steps as a bank employee at Banco Hipotecário in the city (1926), based on the biography 'Magalhães: Navegando contra o vento’ and documentary sources. We will also analyze your participation as a signatory of the Manifesto dos Mineiros (1943) against the Vargas state government, as Milton Campos' finance secretary (1947- 1950), as federal deputy for three consecutive terms for the UDN (1950, 1954, 1958), as governor of Minas Gerais (1960) and again as federal deputy (1978, 1982) - by the PDS (Social Democratic Party). Throughout these 39 years of political life Magalhães was linked to the events that would lead to the Civil-Military Coup and the Military Dictatorship. In the first, as one of the civil leaders who would overthrow President João Goulart; and in the second, as one of the UDN candidates for the presidency (1965), as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Costa e Silva government (1967) for the Arena (Aliança Renovadora Nacional) and as a senator (1970) for the same party.