Impactação de incisivos centrais superiores dilacerados: etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento

Abstract

Dental trauma in childhood is a problem of high incidence and with great difficulty in prevention. Due to the lower mineralization of the bone bases and the close relationship between the tooth root and the crown of the permanent successor, traumatic displacements of the anterior deciduous teeth can result in morphological changes in their successors, especially the root laceration. Although, its etiology may be due to genetic reasons of malformation of the dental tissue. Root tearing is characterized by a deviation of the longitudinal axis of the tooth, displacing the hard tissue already formed from the developing root portion. The permanent upper central incisors are the teeth with the highest prevalence of being affected. The main objective of the present study was to carry out a literature review on permanent maxillary central incisors impacted with the presence of root laceration, and to highlight the etiology, diagnosis and types of treatment, through analysis of articles indexed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and PubMED, published between the years 2000 and 2019, which addressed research studies and case reports on the topic. It was observed, however, that the treatment of patients with impacted lacerated maxillary central incisors is multidisciplinary, it is relevant to obtain an early diagnosis and imaging exams are essential for treatment planning and conduct, in particular CBCT. The most conservative treatment is surgical-orthodontic, through orthodontic traction, although each case must be treated based on their individualities and limitations.