A dedução metafísica das categorias e a relação entre o conhecimento discursivo e o conhecimento pré discursivo na crítica da razão pura.

Abstract

In this work we intend to demonstrate that the section named Metaphysics Deduction of the Critique of the Pure Reason contains an essential material to the kantian epistemology, in which Kant sets the task of finding the categories that, according to him, they must constitute fundamental elements of human knowlegde. We will try to demonstrate that the importance of the reffered section can only be evidenced taking into consideration the later section entitled Transcendental Deduction, as we understand that the need in the estabilishment of the categories can only be really postulated after the Metaphysical Deduction, where the relationship between the categories and the sensible forms is really demonstrated. We will argue, for exemple, that the synthesis, which permeates all cognitive processes from the first to the last, is only really presented, amid expressive difficulties, in the subjective deduction of the categories, where the objective synthesis is estabilished according to the subjective sources of the understanding, imagination and sensibility. Finally, we will try to clarify, especially in the third chapter, how the discursive thinking and the pre discursive thinking are related according to the synthetic unity of phenomena according to concepts, that is, with the same unit that forms the experience and that is also present in the conceptual judgment of objects.