Incidência de lesões e fatores associados em corredores de esteira: um estudo de coorte prospectivo

Abstract

Introduction: The characteristics of running on the ground and treadmill are distinct and the injury risks and associated factors inherent to each modality should be investigated separately. Currently, there are no prospective studies and incidence on treadmill runner injuries. Objectives: To verify the incidence of injuries in exclusive treadmill runners and the main associated factors. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFJF (2.362.240/2017). Recreational runners, which trained only on motorized treadmill mats between the ages of 18 and 60, of both sexes, were run regularly for at least three months and ran at least 10 kilometers a week. We excluded, runners with self - reported pain or musculoskeletal discomfort in the lower limbs and trunk at baseline. To characterize the sample, sociodemographic, anthropometric and training characteristics were collected. Injury incidence was investigated every two weeks for a period of 24 weeks. For analysis of the associated factors, muscle strength (frontal plank, flexors, abductors, extensors and external rotators of the hip and knee extensors), range of motion (passive hip stiffness and ankle dorsiflexion), lower limb alignment (lower limb length, forefoot, Q angle) flexibility (hamstrings), plantar pressure and dynamic balance (Y test) were investigated. Comparisons between the groups were investigated by Student's t, Mann-Whitney or Chi-square tests. To estimate the relationship between the associated factors and the incidence of lesions, logistic regression analysis was used as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. To verify the interactions of the associated factors we used the multivariate and non-parametric Classification and Regression Tree (CART). The accuracy of the model was examined by the Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 37 completed all follow-up survey sand the incidence of injuries was 6.8 per 1000 hours of exposure. There were 13 injuries. Regarding the parsimony model of the CART The first variable selected by the model to divide the sample was Hip Flexors Strength, with a cut bridge of 9.7 Kgf / kg, and 3 injured runners were classified with lower values than the cut bridge. A new variable, Knee Extender Strength was selected to subdivide node 2, with a cutoff point of 57.5 kgf / kg, with 3 injured runners rated lower (node 3). CART correctly classified 7 injured runners (70%) and 24 non-injured runners (88.9%), with the total correct prediction of the model being 83.8%. Conclusion: The incidence of RRI was 6,8 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure to running, and in our study, the RRI had an association and interaction with hip flexors and knee extensors.