Autoeficácia, lócus de controle da saúde, religiosidade e não-aderência medicamentosa no pós-transplante renal

Abstract

The adherence to immunosuppressants is an essential element for the results of renal transplantation and has been a growing target of studies because of its relevance for the treatment. It can be defined as the degree of agreement between the behavior of a person in relation to the guidelines of the physician or other health care professional. It receives influence from socioeconomic issues, health care system and professionals, factors related to the disease, to its therapy, and to the patient. Among these, the patient-related factors are poorly studied. This study had, as main objective, to evaluate the relationship between some of these individual factors, such as self-efficacy beliefs, health locus of control (HLC) and religiosity and immunosuppressants non-adherence behavior in kidney transplant patients. A cross-sectional study evaluated 88 patients treated at the post-transplant clinic of the School Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The diagnosis of non-adherence was carried out by the triangulation method, using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS), collateral report and immunosuppressive blood levels. Self-efficacy, HLC, and religiosity were evaluated applying the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and the Portuguese version of Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), respectively. Adherent and non-adherent patients were compared using the chi-square, Student t, and Spearman´s correlation tests. Most patients were male (63%), received kidney graft from a living donor (96%) had a mean age of 47.2 ± 12.9 years and median time post-transplant of 108.71 (49.0 to 266.0) months. We found a high prevalence of non-adherence, 70.5%. We observed a higher score of self-efficacy in adherents compared to non-adherents, (45.14+4.9 vs. 38.32+8.6; p<0.001), respectively. The HLC dimensions were not different between groups. Concerning to religion, the dimension intrinsic religiosity, which accesses the personal level of involvement or religious motivation, showed a higher scores in adherent patients compared to non-adherents (14.0+1.6 vs 12.8+2.5; p=0.016). Considering our results, it is suggested that professionals have a holistic vision of the patient. These aspects, such as religiosity and self-efficacy believes , should be taken into account when designing strategies for a better self-management and higher adherence to immunosuppressives.