Avaliação dos efeitos da dieta hipercalórica paterna sobre o metabolismo e a fertilidade de gerações F1 e F2 de ratos Wistar

Abstract

The increased intake of fat and carbohydrates that is based on the Western diet is an important lifestyle modification that provides hypercaloric input to individuals. Associated with positive energy balance, it can cause obesity and bring consequences to male fertility. In addition to negative impacts on parental generation, epigenetic transmission may predispose descended generations to chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and even behavioral and reproductive disorders. In the present study, it was sought to evaluate the influence of a high calorie diet rich in fat and simple carbohydrates (sucrose) supplied to rats from weaning to adulthood (25-90 days of life) on reproductive and metabolic parameters in the male generations F0, F1 and F2. The hypercaloric diet was efficient in promoting dyslipidemia, a higher energy efficiency coefficient, which was reflected in the increase in adiposity and lower relative weight of organs such as liver, spleen and adrenal glands and higher mean weight of the kidneys of the F0 generation. It also caused alterations in the male reproductive system, with reduction of the mean weight and the parenchyma weight of the testicles and lower height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. The offspring of the F1 and F2 generations, whose parents were exposed to the hypercaloric diet, showed early pubertal development. There were histometric testicular alterations with reduction of the height of the seminiferous epithelium and increase of the volume density and volume of the intertubular testicular compartment and reduction of the volume density of the testicular tubular compartment in the rats of the F1 generation group of the rats exposed to the hypercaloric diet. There were also histometric changes in volume density and intertubular testicular volume, specifically the extracellular matrix, lymphatic space and Leydig cells of the F1 and F2 offspring generations. Further studies are necessary, however, it is concluded that the experimental model used for the hypercaloric diet altered the reproductive and metabolic parameters of the F0 generation animals, with effect on the F1 and F2 generations of Wistar rats.