Prêmio salarial associado às competências dos trabalhadores no Brasil: uma análise com dados em painel (2003-2013)

Abstract

The ability or competence to exercise a given task package is closely related to the educational level of the individuals, their occupation and consequently to the productivity of the work. In this sense, the objective of the study is to estimate the determinants of wage differentials for Brazilian workers, with emphasis on the study of the effect of tasks performed on occupations on wages. Data from the Annual Social Information Ratio (RAIS) were used. The model proposed by Spitz-Oener (2006) and adapted by Gonzaga and Guanziroli (2017) for Brazilian occupations was used to map occupational skills of the Brazilian Classification of Occupations (CBO). In this way the work sought to adapt the definitions of skills to the occupations, in order to evaluate the effect of such on the wages, in the light of the Brazilian formal labor market. To obtain empirical evidence, mincerian equations (Mincer, 1974) were estimated from individuals' real incomes. The estimates were first carried out by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), in order to allow the evaluation and evolution of the impact of the wage determinants over the years that cover the study. Later, panel regressions were estimated, which sought to control the fixed effects of individuals and firms. The evidence indicates higher salary returns for individuals who, on a day-to-day basis, perform tasks of an analytical and interactive nature, especially the positive evolution of the salary premium associated with such skills. For those who perform intensive tasks in routine tasks, the evidence indicated lower returns associated to the competencies.