Insucesso na reabilitação com próteses parciais removíveis: principais causas

Abstract

Rehabilitation through Removable Partial Denture (RPD) promotes not only improved masticatory efficiency and preservation of remaining tissues, but also restores aesthetic, phonetic and provides comfort to the patient. However, when conducted improperly or under the influence of several factors, such treatment can result in failure and, depending on the source, can lead to harm to the patient. Therefore, the fact that RPD represents one of the most important alternatives for oral rehabilitation in Brazil, it becomes evident the need to improve the knowledge about the subject. In addition, few studies comprehensively approach the factors that condition the failures in this treatment modality. For this reason, the present study aimed to identify and discuss, through a review of the literature, the main causes associated with frequent or occasional failures in oral rehabilitation involving this type of prosthesis. As a method, scientific articles were searched in online databases such as Pubmed (MEDLINE) and VHL (Virtual Health Library), as well as book titles and academic papers related to the topic. We found 42 articles and selected 30 after reading the abstracts (excluding literature reviews). After analyzing and interpreting the data contained in these studies, it was concluded that the failures were mostly caused by: Dentist-Surgeon (DS) attitudes, lack of knowledge and negligence in the planning process or transfer of responsibility to the Prosthodontic Technician (PT); inefficient communication between DS and PT; and carelessness on the part of patients regarding hygienization or commitment to return to the referral consultations. Regarding the possible damages to the adjacent tissues caused by such failures, the analyzed literature showed that the most frequent besides caries and periodontal disease were, in this order, stomatitis by prosthesis, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and traumatic ulcer.