As portas da paisagem: estudos sobre a paisagem histórica urbana com caráter modernista de Cataguases (MG)

Abstract

The preservation and preservation of urban centers is a discussion that has gained momentum on the world stage, as the cities themselves recognize themselves as historical and cultural potentials. The conservation of the urban heritage presents itself in political, social and economic focus, as a key element for the sustainable development. Inserted in the problematic of the cities and the conservation of the urban heritage, the landscape appears as a way of perceiving the city. The concepts of landscape have been developing and transforming over the years until they have entered the field of cultural heritage through Cultural Landscapes since the 1960s, mainly and more recently through Historic Urban Landscapes Landscapes, HUL). The Historic Urban Landscapes present themselves as an effective attempt to read the urban space, in the material and immaterial sense, participating in the conservation, integration and management of the urban environment and its historical and cultural character. The municipality of Cataguases (MG) presents itself with a historical center loaded with palimpsestos that makes it unique and exceptional for the history and national culture, being the subject of discussions and long process of overturning of the IPHAN, from 1994 to 2003, when effectively had its Historic, Architectural and Landscape Set recognized as Cultural Heritage of Brazil. The tipping, as an instrument and policy applied as an attempt to preserve an object that carries an exceptional value, in some cases does not correspond to its primary objective, especially when it comes to urban areas, rich in social dynamics, thus arises the reflection on the insertion of HUL as an auxiliary instrument to understand these dynamics, especially those resulting from the accelerated growth that cities live today, respecting the quality of the urban landscape, its historical character. This dissertation analyzes part of the urban space of Cataguases, comprising the formation and the urban transformations that the city has experienced since its origin until the present day. Thus, based on a theoretical-conceptual study on the theme of the landscape and its interrelations, mainly with the preservation of cultural heritage, resulted in the choice of the Historic Urban Landscape approach, considering that the central area of the city that corresponds to the polygon of tipping does not cover all the historical and cultural fragments that need to be preserved, according to scholars, so this work expanded this area to greater polygon, in order to cover all elements that correspond to the Historic Urban Landscape of Cataguases that the federal tipping did not encompass. With the delimited area, it was possible to draw forms of interpretation of the space, from an approach on reading the Historic Urban Landscape, seeking the effective look at the landscape, from its materiality to the senses. It begins with the reading of the urban and historical space of Cataguases with the purpose of being able to insert in the reality of the municipality tools of management of the landscape and of the existing cultural heritage, according to Bandarin and van Oers. Thus, these studies seek to broaden the understanding that, especially in urban spaces, the policy of tipping alone is not effective in relation to the reading of space, since it requires specific theoretical and conceptual strategies for this purpose, and for the management of the Historic Urban Landscape, for the preservation of cultural heritage in the face of urban development and urban transformation.