Traços de mindfulness, afetos e motivação associados à procura por tratamento para o tabagismo em fumantes com multimorbidades

Abstract

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Smokers who present multiple chronic illnesses (MCI) require specialized treatment for their morbidities, and smoking cessation should be a priority measure. Despite that, smokers face many difficulties in making a decision to stop smoking. The investigation of factors that may contribute to this process is necessary, so improvements can be made in the supply of treatment to smokers with MCI. Objectives: To investigate psychological factors as Motivation, Trait Mindfulness and Affects, and its relation with decision making of being treated, among subjects with MCI in a specialized service for smoking cessation. Method: Longitudinal Clinical Study. Data collection was performed in two outpatient clinics with specialized treatments for individuals with MCI in the period prior to referral to treatment. The inclusion criteria included adult subjects with MCI, and daily smokers (light or heavy). Results: Of the total number of interviewees (n = 61), only 19.7% (n = 12) attended the treatment. Of these, 83.4% adhered to the 4 treatment sessions advocated by Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), and 8.4% stopped smoking at the end of the 4 treatment sessions. Motivation was positively related to treatment seeking, however, trait mindfulness was not positively related to the same outcome. Mindfulness facets were significantly related to the psychological variables investigated: nicotine dependence degree, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and motivation. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the clinical profile and the psychological factors involved in treatment seeking, in order to develop more effective treatment strategies for smokers with MCI.