Análise dos impactos dos investimentos em infraestrutura escolar no desempenho das unidades estaduais de ensino de Minas Gerais

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the impact of investment in infrastructure of Minas Gerais Educational State System’s schools in the performance of the schools as measured by the Basic Education Development Index – IDEB. In order to develop the analysis, the research used four extensive databases: 1) investment in school infrastructure made by the State Department of Education during the period of 2002-2002; 2) Historical Series of the Basic Education Development Index, between 2005 and 2011 - INEP / MEC; 3) Status of the school infrastructure diagnostic for the period of 2008-2011; 4) annual School Census 2011 - INEP / MEC. Starting from the characterization of the public schools object of study and delineation of the premises of the financing of the Brazilian Public Education and from the creation and operation of IDEB, analyzes were performed using the analytical data of schools of the early and final years of primary education. Through statistical procedures conducted, it was possible to shown the link between the performances achieved in IDEB and the level of investment and infrastructure conditions of the schools, always collated with the number of students served at each stage of education offered. Important conclusions are pointed out, especially as to the higher probability of schools with adequate school infrastructure and investment being more likely to set among the educational units that achieve the highest levels of IDEB. Likewise, schools with less favorable structures are unlikely to reach the noblest levels of IDEB. An innovative proposal presented is to elaborate an indicator of effectiveness of the investment, known as School Infrastructure Quality Investment Index - IQIIE, that aims to measure to what extent the direct allocation of resources to improve the infrastructure conditions of schools positively impact the variation IDEB for the selected period. Although being a challenging initiative and worthy of improvements, the construction proposed indicates new ways to look at the performance of schools considering the investment in school infrastructure and creating new possibilities of research based on the measurable impacts on the evolution of performance indicators of the schools. Finally, given the findings of the research, is presented an Action Plan for the Education State Department of Education - ESS in order to systematize the decisions of resource allocation in school infrastructure guided by concrete variables that allowed the construction of a Matrix of Investment Planning for School Infrastructure, which ranks, according to objective and parameterized criteria the existing needs for investments in a education network. It is expected that the implementation of the methodology presented in the Educational Action Plan can generate real benefits to the educational system of the State of Minas Gerais.