Explorando métricas urbanas: desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta algorítmico-paramétrica para suporte em drenagem urbana

Abstract

Inadequate urban development and uncontrolled drainage of rainwater have been causing impacts to the environment. Despite the long history of the use of infrastructures to control rainwater, the vast majority of cities are still not equipped with efficient systems that are adequate for the environmental parameters of conduction and storage of rainwater. The adoption of computational tools in the study of water behavior and as providers of information and guidelines for urban drainage projects has been increasingly explored. In this context, the objective of this work is the development of an algorithmic-parametric tool, based on the fundamentals of the Rational Method, that allows to evaluate the coefficient of runoff of rainwater of a given basin as well as its peak flow. For the development of the tool, it was chosen to work with the software AutoCAD and Rhinoceros and with the Grasshopper plugin. In order to evaluate the tool and simulate scenarios for the implementation of urban drainage techniques and practices of Urban Development of Low Impact, a concept of urban drainage that has been gaining space in developed countries, it was decided to work with sub basins of the city of Juiz de Fora. For the development of the study it was necessary to make a selection of sub basins that frequently suffer from urban flood disorders, identify their perimeter, relief and soil cover materials. This stage was developed through site visits and with the help of Google Earth software, so that this exploratory study can be replicated in other municipalities in the future. The general objective was to develop a parametric tool capable of providing indexes and guidelines for possible urban drainage projects. In addition, it was tried to generate indicators for the models and alternatives that can be used in the different types of land occupation in Juiz de Fora, and thus to provide subsidies for the improvement of the land use and occupation law of Juiz de Fora. Soil occupancy and permeability rates were also estimated to estimate the effects of urban mesh growth on the drainage capacity of the basins studied through predictions based on the city's growth index. A contribution of the research was to explore the creation and application of new digital tools, seeking to establish the basis for future work. As a result, it was possible to analyze the potential of the developed algorithm and its validation, as well as its limitations. The tool presented similar results to the values presented in the Drainage Plan of Juiz de Fora - North Zone, which shows some reliability. As strengths, it is worth mentioning the ease of doing simulations / manipulations with the use of the tool and the satisfactory results found by it. As a fragile point it is possible to highlight the difficulty of the work of recognizing the soil cover as well as the time-consuming process of transcribing the parameters of the model to the computer.