O ensino elementar no Decreto Leôncio de Carvalho: visão de mundo herdada pelo tempo republicano?

Abstract

This article points to the predominance of an idea which arose at the end of the Brazilian Empire, that of the curia of the people, and which, in the Republic that followed, was transformed into the civic insufficiency of the same people. The idea of the curia of the people did not last the duration of the Empire. It arose in the last 15 years of that period and changed the old imperial matrix of blaming the failure of policies on the failure of institutions. In order to demonstrate the predominance of this new idea in the final phase of the Empire which changed the villain of history we took education policy in the way in which it was expressed by the Minister Liberato Barroso and in projects of law which were debated in the General Assembly of the Empire (Paulino de Souza and João Alfredo) as well as in the Decree-Law Leôncio de Carvalho, always in counterpoint with the tradition passed on from the Decree-Law Couto Ferraz of 1854. The idea of the curia of the people is the supposition which appears when new emphasis is given to obligatory schooling, exactly when the idea of free education also predominated. An attempt is made to characterize a certain "world vision", in the old concept of Dilthey which will be inherited by the Republic. The work is based analytically on rescuing the tradition and on the emergence of the new based on the impasses of the tradition when faced with questions of the new era. It applies a hermeneutical procedure to the discourses of the ministers of the Empire, as well as to the texts of projects and decrees. Exhaustive use was made of the work of Primitivo Moacyr for the transcription of the minister's discourses to which the educational questions are linked.