Risco cardiovascular em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in nursing professionals of a public hospital in Minas Gerais. It is a study with a sectional, descriptive and quantitative approach. The study population consisted of 324 nursing professionals (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants). The data collection was done during the participants' dossier, within the institution itself, from September 2017 to February 2018. For the accomplishment of this study, an instrument was applied. For the accomplishment of this study, a questionnaire composed of three blocks of information: the first block contains questions related to socioeconomic, demographic and labor characteristics related to health, personal history and life habits, anthropometric variables, BP measurement and laboratory information; the second block includes Baecke's usual physical activity questionnaire (AFH); and the third, the application of the Swedish Demand-Control-Social Support Scale for stress assessment in the work environment. The data collected was consolidated into an Excel spreadsheet and then transferred to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The descriptive analysis was performed by means of absolute (n) and relative frequencies (%), as well as by mean and standard deviation of the variables analyzed. Bivariate analyzes were performed to verify the association between the independent variables and the dichotomized cardiovascular risk outcome variable in two categories: low risk and moderate / high cardiovascular risk. The association test used in this step was the Pearson chi-square test. Multivariate analyzes were performed using binary logistic regression, seeking to identify the association between occupational stress, physical activity level and cardiovascular risk, adjusted for confounding variables. In all analyzes, the level of statistical significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). Of the workers, 81.5% were female, with an average age of 40.1 years. The majority were technicians and nursing assistants (78.7%), who worked in the day shift with a 40-hour workweek. It was verified that 96% of the participants interviewed presented low risk to develop cardiovascular diseases in the next 10 years. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that remained in the final model were age, sex, working hours, working time in the institution and psychosocial stress at work. In the crude analysis, it was evidenced that workers aged 40 and over, male and with a workday of less than 40 hours per week present greater chances of cardiovascular risk. In the adjusted analyzes, the variables age (CR: 8.49, 95% CI: 1.81-39.74 and CR: 7.22, 95% CI: 1.40-37.28) and sex (CR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.59-15.36 and RC: 4.93, 95% CI: 1.51-16.11). The presented results can subsidize actions of health promotion and strategies of prevention and control of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, allow a reflection on the levels of physical activity and stress and other variables studied and cardiovascular risk. It is important that these findings also stimulate the incorporation of healthy habits in the studied population, above all, to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of nursing workers from the dissemination of research data and publication in periodicals.