A compreensão do universo que nos cerca a partir do uso de planisfério em sala de aula

Abstract

The present work describes a teaching proposal described in a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTUs), which consists in using astronomical knowledge to explain Universal Gravitation. We discuss in this work the importance of Astronomy in the daily life of the student, trying to demonstrate its usage since ancient times - using the first planisphere for the great navigations, and in the forecast of planting and harvesting in agriculture - until the present days, the planisphere is used for localization and a better understanding of the real world around us. We noticed the great difficulty of applying Astronomy in the curricular grade of Basic Education in the schools nowadays. Thus we bring a proposal of qualitative work that treats Astronomy as a didactic tool involved in a teaching sequence, which reports a chronological order of the first astronomers culminating in the breaking of the geocentric system paradigm, emphasizing the necessity of understanding Kepler's laws and Newton's law of universal gravitation. For the application of the sequence, we developed a stellar map (Planisphere) which was elaborated to facilitate the observation classes in the schools of Basic Education. The educational product developed aims to contemplate the schools with difficulties to maintain a didactic laboratory with the elaboration of a product of low cost, whose results of the application are exposed in this work. The objective of this teaching material is help the teacher to bring more attractive subjects for the classroom and to arouse students interest in science, without the need for large financial investments and without modifying the programmatic content of the discipline.