Lugares da infância: mobilidade e práticas cotidianas das crianças nos espaços sociais de interação

Abstract

The present study focuses on the child as a social actor that integrates childhood from the perspective of a generational category, anchored in studies of the Sociology of Childhood. Aimed to: analyze the mobility and autonomy as expressions of children's ability to act in social living spaces, from the understanding of their come and go beyond the displacement school-home-school, as well as its relationship to the interactions between pairs and intergenerational; outline the dimensions of spatiality and temporality in the coming and going of children in their different contexts of coexistence; understand the corporal practices/attitudes adopted by children in their everyday experiences of come and go, taking as starting point the school space; and identify the feelings of children about their capacity to move around the city, as well as the challenges perceived by them in carrying out this act. It is an ethnographic study, which covered two contexts: Portuguese, with the participation of 14 children and Brazilian, with the participation of 20 children, in the years 2010 and 2011, respectively. The participants children had between ten and thirteen years. To collect the data from the field, the following methodological procedures were adopted: field observation; focus group; questionnaire; logbook; production of drawing and text; and photographic records. The data analysis used the methodological triangulation, considering the context of each researched field. The results revealed that the exploration of space through pair interactions, the lived experience by the children generates the feeling of competence to come and go. With regard to intergenerational interactions, negotiations are established and permissions/prohibitions are assigned according to the geographical conditions of the place frequented, besides the explanation of its functioning norms, the need for protection by parents/guardians and the peculiarity of family organization that interfere with the mobility process of children. Brand yourself, therefore, the relationship of identity and belonging is built by children in their experiences, attributing to the space the affective condition of "place". About temporality, chrónos guides the life of children in their experiences at school and in the city. The time lived significantly, represented by aión, manifests itself, giving meaning to authorized experience, conquered and those obtained by transgression. Space and time are crucial for the child to explore the school and the city in which meet challenges and risks is constantly (re)negotiated with pairs in sharing experiences and with adults to the loosen up of the protection, both for the achievement of autonomy, so that its relativity lose strength. The ludic practices express these aspects, whether in school or in the city, according to their specificities. The ludic culture of childhood highlights the idea of living playing beyond the corporal centrality, gathering the challenges spatiotemporal and explaining the child as agent. Recognizing the condition of being a child placed to childhood, it acts in search of selfmanagement of their come and go and their practices from the reality found in occupied social environment.