Estrutura de capital por fronteira estocástica e mensuração da velocidade de ajuste do capital

Abstract

Perhaps no other topic has occupied both the attention of researchers in Corporate Finance and the choice of capital structure (financing decision) by firms. Considering the various existing theories developed since the pioneering work of Modigliani and Miller (1958), which gave rise to the theory of static Trade-off, in which the Pecking order Theory, whose creation is attributed to Myers and Majluf (1984) the theory of the life cycle attributed to Berger and Udell (1998), the theory of Market Timing attributed to Baker and Wurgler (2002) and the dynamic Trade-off of Flannery and This paper proposes to evaluate the most relevant theoretical propositions for Brazilian public companies observed between 1999 and 2016, calculating the speed of capital adjustment and identifying the determinants of the capital structure in light of the main theories in the literature of capital structure and recurring problems of endogeneity and truncation in Corporate Finance. The stochastic frontier technique showed that the more mature companies the most efficient in terms of getting leverage. Trade-off and pecking-order theories can coexist. And that the dynamics of macroeconomic factors influence the behavior of companies when choosing their capital structure. Tobit showed a 44% speed indicating that companies would take about two years to move to the optimal level of capital. Converging to the stochastic frontier technique, Tobit's model showed that the two main theories can coexist.