Sistema de navegação semiautônomo para robótica móvel assistiva baseado em movimentos de cabeça e comandos de voz

Abstract

The field of assistive robotics works with technologies aimed at people with phy-sical impairments, some handicapped have quadriplegia and cannot move the lower and upper limbs, but, depending on the degree of injury, the shoulder and neck musculature can be used. Aiming at this group, the present work proposes a semiautonomous sys-tem architecture for smart wheelchairs based on the Robotic Operating System (ROS) platform, embedded in a Raspberry Pi 3, with emphasis on low cost and no need for global localization. A proposal for a human-machine-interface based on voice commands is presented, where the control center uses a Petri Net to configure and administer the system. Transitions are triggered by a set of phrases and after each event, the user re-ceives a return phrase through speakers. For the navigation system, a shared control of velocity is used. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is applied to recognize the desired movement pattern through measurements of the user's head inclination. In parallel, an intelligent algorithm employs a depth camera to recognize obstacles around and work together in control, increasing maneuverability and safety. Another technique proposed is a methodology of autonomous narrow passages crossing, the depth camera recognizes the borders of thin access and a non-linear controller performs the task. In the results, the proposed methodologies were analyzed using simulated models in the Matlab and the Gazebo platform. For practical tests, a Pioneer-P3DX differential robot was used, the results presented in this dissertation were promising, evidencing the applicability of the system.