Treinamento físico em fêmeas alimentadas com dieta hipercalórica reverte à adiposidade e alterações metabólicas na prole?

Abstract

Pregnant individuals who overfeed are more likely to expose the fetus to the development of metabolic disorders in their adulthood. Physical training is a mechanism for the prevention and treatment of these disorders, since it improves metabolism and body composition. This study evaluated the protective effect of physical exercise against possible metabolic changes in generations F1 and F2, whose mothers were submitted to a high sugar/high fat (HS/HF) diet. Wistar rats from generation F0 were distributed in four groups (n=10): CSed and CExe; DHSed and DHExe. From 21 days of age until the end of the lactation period, CSed/CExe animals received standard feed, and DHSed/DHExe animals received HS/HF diet. Animals from groups CExe/DExe underwent physical training from 21 to 120 days of age. Males and females in generations F1 and F2 received normocaloric feed and did not perform physical training, being distributed into four groups (n=10) according to the maternal generation to which they belonged. In generation F0, there was an increase in body weight, adiposity, glucose and lipidic profile; the exercise reduced the biochemical parameters between groups DHSed/DHExe. Maternal exercise had an effect on future generations, being more evident in males, reducing adiposity as well as plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and prevented prejudicial effects of glucose intolerance. Maternal overfeeding with Hypercaloric diet increased health risks both for mother and offspring, showing that HS/HF diet consumption promotes metabolic alterations in offspring, likely via epigenetic mechanisms. However, physical training performed by generation F0 proved to be protective against such effects.