Previsão da demanda de energia elétrica por combinações de modelos lineares e de inteligência computacional

Abstract

The production, transmission and distribution of electric energy occurs concomitantly with its consumption. This is necessary because there is yet no feasible way to store energy in large quantities. Therefore, the energy generated must be consumed almost instantaneously. This makes forecasting essential for the proper management of energy systems. This thesis focuses on short-term demand forecasting methods up to one day ahead. In simpler methods, the forecasts are made by linear models, which use of historical data on energy demand. However, computer intelligence-based models have been studied for this end, exploring the nonlinear relationship between energy demand and climatic variables. In general, these models achieve better forecasts than linear methods. Their results, however, are unstable and sensitive to measurement errors, leading to outliers in forecasting errors, which can have serious consequences for the production process. In this thesis, we use artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms for modelling historical load and climate data, and combined these models with traditional linear methods. The aim is to achieve forecasts that are not only more accurate in mean terms, but also less sensitive to measurement errors.