Significando a arte no cotidiano de usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial

Abstract

The substitute services originate in the middle of the paradigmatic transition of the asylum care model based on communitarian practices and on the epistemological changes that emerged from the Psychiatric Reform process, which began in the 1970s. One of the substitute services included in the Psychosocial Care Network are the Psychosocial Care Centers where the therapeutic workshops are offered, as well as expressive workshops, which work the individual free creation and imagination through different artistic means. In this context, the study herein refers to a qualitative research of exploratory and objective type, which aims to understand the vision and the senses attributed to the artistic activities by users, during the expressive workshops. The study is based on the Comprehensive Sociology proposed by the French sociologist Michel Maffesoli. The present investigation was carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center, level III, during the following workshops: arts, music and poetry. It is worth highlighting that six men and one woman, selected by intentional sampling, participated in the study herein. In order to make the interviews collection, semi-structured interviews and direct unsystematic participant observation were performed. Additionally, the information from the observation was recorded in a field diary. Seeking to analyze the data, the first reading and the exhaustive reading were carried out for identifying the significant units that emerges from the reports. The information was coupled into analytical categories and assessed through content analysis. The performed research met the legal ethical requirements in investigations involving human beings, and it was also in accordance with the regulated provisions under the National Health and Medical Research Council Resolution number. 466/1. The research results envisioned the understanding of the art use as an innovative technology from the mental health care perspective. It was possible to comprehend that the artistic environment fosters the free expression by working on emotional development and psychic balance, as well as provides improvements in cognitive conditions and assists in psychomotor rehabilitation. In order to understand the meaningfulness of the reports, it is clear that the workshops, when operationalized and systematized according to the therapeutic logic, provide opportunities for the learning development, culture and information access, as well as offer new experiences, promoting affective bonds between users and professionals, contributing to resocialization effectiveness. In the disclosure of the testimonies, it was possible to notice that the continuous lack of materials and the participation lack of the professionals in the conduct of the activities were some of the weaknesses related to the operationalization of the workshops. Through the carried out research, brings reflections on the need to rediscutir the care model in psychosocial care, from the perception and look of the users participating in the research, so that the subjectivities and the emotional densities of being, are contemplated in health care in order to promote, improvements in the systematization of activities and positive consequences for the benefit of users. The findings in the study herein confer and permeate the need and the continuity of studies that examine new perspectives of care based on light technologies in the daily lives of users in the Psychosocial Care Centers.