A constituição da identidade profissional docente em contexto de diversidade: reescrevendo histórias de vida

Abstract

This dissertation presents the development of the research carried out, which aimed to the comprehension of the constitution of the teaching professional identity through the life stories of Juiz de Fora municipal district fundamental education teachers, emphasizing their formation history in context of diversity. The referring theories to the identity constitution were mainly searched from Claude Dubar, who based himself in a sociological perspective, complemented by Maurice Tardif and Danielle Raymond. For the theoretical foundation relating to diversity, it was appealed to authors such as Maria Teresa Eglér Mantoan, Carlos Alberto Marques, Luciana Pacheco Marques, Marcos Moreira Paulino, Simone da Silva Salgado and Mônica Pereira dos Santos. The professors formation systematics had the Brazilian educational legislation, as well as the contributions from Iria Brzezinski, Helena Costa Lopes de Freitas, Jose Carlos Libâneo and Waldeck Carneiro da Silva as theoretical base. The study used as methodological proposal the analysis of the life stories of six Juiz de Fora municipal district fundamental education teachers of public grade school, all in the beginning of their careers and Pedagogy graduates from Juiz de Fora Federal University (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF), which were attained in non-structural individual interviews. The analysis focused the childhood memories and basic schooling phase; the awakening of the vocations; the experiences lived in the teaching formation; the experiences lived in the beginning of the teaching practice, inherent to the reality shock; the teaching practice in context of diversity; and the conceptions of the education for the diversity in the views of the professors, with the objective of pointing out the factors and situations which influenced in the constitution of the teachers identities, though seeking not to generalize, in order to understand how circumstances, similar or not, lived by the professors could, not in a deterministic way, but in terms of probability, contribute to the constitution of the identity of the teachers. The research showed that the (re)constitution of the teaching professional identities of the interviewed professors occurred by means of the exerted influence by successive socializations, emerged in their respective life trajectories, in the primary schooling, in the initial formation, and mainly in the teacher training experiences lived in the context of diversity in the beginning of their careers, which influence is manifested in greater or minor intensity according to the significance each circumstance had for them. To some professors, the construction of a critical thinking directed to contemplating the diversity originated during the under graduate courses; others declare that it originated from previous or post graduation experiences, during the teaching practice, when dealing with the differences in the classroom. Furthermore, considering the initial pretension for the professors to reevaluate their attitudes and conceptions related to the differences, it was also corroborated the importance of the teaching professors and pedagogic coordinators exerted influence in reconstructing the ideas of these individuals, in order to establish an inclusive school. It is expected with this work, by means of the understanding of how teaching identities are formed, to contribute to the deepening of the studies of initial and continued formation of the professors in the context of diversity.