Síntese, caracterização e avaliação do grau de cristalinidade de compostos tipo hidrotalcita

Abstract

The layered double hydroxides (LDH) are also known as anionic clays, due to the possibility of intercalation of anionic species in the interlayer space. This nomenclature refers to the structural characteristics, which presents two types of metallic cations in the lamella of these compounds. Another term commonly used to designate these materials is hydrotalcitelike compounds. They present general formula MII1-xMIIIx(OH)2(Am-)x/m.nH2O, belonging to LDH family. Many LDH involving mixtures of different divalent cations can be prepared and are called Ternary Layered Hydroxides (TLH) or Quaternary, depending on the amount of cations in the lamella. It was synthesized hydrotalcites by several synthesis methods with different crystallinity degrees. The results showed that, although simple, the synthesis performed without pH control produces poorly crystalline compound. However, using a hydrothermal treatment can further increase the crystallinity of these compounds. It was possible to synthesize triple layered hydroxides by replacing part of the magnesium by the first series of transition metal, with the urea synthesis hydrolysis. The formation of the HLT is favored when the rate of replacement of the metal M2 + is low, up to a maximum of 50%. The X-ray diffraction provides a better characterization of these materials. Highquality data were obtained from a synchrotron radiation source at LNLS (National Laboratory of Synchrotron Light), and use the Rietveld Method for data treatment of X-ray diffraction and observe the thermal decomposition of hydroxides triple layered. This technique shows an extremely efficient and reliable technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of crystalline phases.