Controladores de LEDS para iluminação pública com elevado fator de potência comutados no dobro da frequência da rede elétrica

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the use of drivers switched at twice the frequency of the power grid, applied to street lighting luminaires utilizing light emitting diodes (LEDs). Initially, the study presents information about the street lighting in Brazil and the new paradigms related to the use of LEDs in street lighting systems. Thereafter, a bibliographic review about drivers for LED luminaires is presented. Afterwards, the mathematical modeling of an LED driver based on the high power factor boost pre-regulator switched in low frequency (120 Hz) is shown. A detailed design methodology is presented, applied to a 160 W LED luminaire, which is a usual power level used on street lighting systems. The experimental results show that it is possible to reach high power factor (0.99), high efficiency (95%) and reduced total harmonic distortion of the input current (9.4%). Subsequently, the dynamic modeling in small signals and the control project in closed loop of this driver are performed. Experimental results show that the compensator proposed is capable of rejecting disturbances coming from the input voltage and from the load, keeping the current on the LEDs always at the reference value. Other similar topologies are also examined, highlighting the driver based on the low frequency Ćuk pre-regulator and the quadratic boost pre-regulator. Simulation results and experimental results compare these topologies among themselves, presenting their advantages and disadvantages. As conclusion, the main contribution of this thesis consists is the proposition of topologies of LED drivers used in street lighting luminaires based on very simple circuits, with low cost and long lifetime, because they do not require the use of electrolytic capacitors. Another contribution relates to the corroboration that these structures comply with IEC 61.000-3-2 (2012) class C standard, and correspond to the criteria required in the Brazilian Standard NBR 16026 (2012) standard: Electronic control device c.c. or c.a. for LED modules - Performance requirements.