Parametrização e sistemas generativos como apoio à tomada de decisões em projetos de arquitetura aplicados à legislação urbana da cidade de Juiz de Fora

Abstract

A scenario where the digital technology considerably transformed society impels us to study its implications on the field of architecture. In the last decades, the computer aided design impact on the AEC industry is clearly noted, especially in the drawing and presentation tools. However, with BIM, parameterization and generative systems, the application of CAD tools as an active support for decision making in the design process, presents itself as a theme for investigation. In this context, this research had as main goal to develop a design algorithm based on urban legislation allowing the exploration of the means, processes and knowledge required for its creation, as well as the possible implications of its adoption as a design support and simulations. The study limits are set on four regulations’ parameters characterized as the main responsible for basic architectural form creation: (1) land use coefficient, (2) occupation rate, (3) maximum height and (4) required distance from site limits. In Brazil, usually, city authorities use similar parameters as building’s design constraints, hence this study focus on the regulations presented by the city of Juiz de Fora/MG. This research was developed within the Graduate Program in Built Environment at Federal University of Juiz de Fora (PROAC/UFJF) and it can be categorized as applied and experimental. The methodological approach in this type of study seeks to replicate the conditions of a fact, doing so, it aims to observe it under control, and thus, to demonstrate how it is produced, as well as its effects. The object of research was set as the application of parameterization specifically through a design algorithm development. As an observation method, numerical and visual validation of solutions in comparison to conventional methods was taken as an objective approach to the results of the digital tool. Finally, a generic site and a city portion were set as a control situation to perform tests with the algorithm. The research contribution is in exploring the creation and application of new digital-based tools, seeking to establish the basis for future studies aimed at tasks automation throughout architectural design process. The algorithm development and its use were an analyzed in five topics. The (1) legal standards, addressing the legal adjustment process automation. (2) Product, with specific requirements for individual sites and city portions; the (3) algorithm coding process, addressing the implications of using logical solutions for architectural production. (4) Usability, focusing on the user-rhinoceros-grasshopper interface and, finally, the (5) limitations encountered throughout the coding process.