Hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) e Antóceros (Anthocerotophyta) ocorrentes em diferentes fisionomias, no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

The Ibitipoca State Park is part of the Serra da Mantiqueira, and is located between the municipality of Lima Duarte and the town of Conceição de Ibitipoca. The Park retains an important vegetation remnant which includes different types of physiognomies: “Candeial”, “Campos Encharcados (wet grasslands)”, “Floresta Ombrófila Densa Altimontana”, “Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana”, Arbustive “Campo Rupestre”, “Campo Rupestre” sensu stricto, and, specially, a transitional area in which the vegetation is a mixture of the two types of “Campos Rupestres”. The aims of this study were to know the species richness of the liverworts and hornworts that occur in the different physiognomies present at the Park, to analyze the species in the different physiognomies, relating them to the substrate in which they occur, improving data to the knowledge of the actual bryoflora of Minas Gerais. The specimens were collected randomly in different substrates, through previously know tracks, during the period of May 2008 to October 2009. The inventory revealed the occurrence of 89 liverworts species (in 17 families) and one hornwort species in the Park; among these species, 13 are being referred for the first time to Minas Gerais (12 liverwort species, and one hornwort species). The more frequent substrate in which the plants occurred was tree trunks, followed by dead or decayed trunks. The physiognomy that presented the largest specific richness was “Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana”. The biogeographic patterns of distribution indicated that the majority of the collected taxons have a Neotropical distribution. Concerning to distribution of the species in Brazil, the highest number of species studied can be found in almost all the Brazilian geographic provinces. Among the families studied, Lejeuneaceae presents the highest diversity. The relevance of the study is evidenced by the indication of new occurrences of liverworts and hornworts to Minas Gerais, from the Ibitipoca State Park; this improves the knowledge of the state and Brazil’s bryoflora.