A influência da obesidade e da localização da gordura corporal nos fatores de risco cardiovascular entre adolescentes da região central de Juiz de Fora

Abstract

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased substantially in recent times, and is considered a public health problem. Obesity, especially of the abdomen, has been associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and cardiovascular diseases, which are being seen at an unexpectedly early age in the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify the association of obesity and body fat location with cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents in the central region of Juiz de Fora. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in high schools in the city center of Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais. A sample of 302 students was selected after screening and classification of the nutritional status of adolescents matched according to sex and age. The clinical and biochemical variables analyzed were: blood pressure level, lipid profile, blood glucose, fasting insulin, and Homa-Ir; the anthropometric variables: weight, height, waist circumference (WC) , hipcircumference , and body composition. We also evaluated behavioral and socio-demographic variables: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family income, and parents' education levels. The sample was comprised of 50.% overweight adolescents (percentile ≥85) and 52% males. In this study we observed an association between obesity (female and male forms) and cardiovascular risk factors, noting the biochemical and clinical variables most associated with anthropometry were: blood pressure, insulin, Homa-Ir, HDL-C, and Triglycerides. The only biochemical variable that was not associated with any anthropometric variable was blood sugar. Yet total cholesterol was not associated with WC or with WHR, and LDL-C was also not associated with Waist-to-height ratio (WHR). The anthropometric indicators that were more associated with cardiovascular risk factors were Conicity Index (CI ), WHtR, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA ). Therefore both the peripheral as abdominal obesity was associated with is cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and adolescents in this study.