Síntese de complexos de ouro com ligantes sulfurados e aminados, potenciais agentes anticancerígenos e antituberculose

Abstract

The medicinal properties of gold have been explored throughout the history of civilization. In China, 2500 BC, gold was used to treat smallpox, skin ulcers, measles and leprosy. In the 1890’s the salt Na[AuCl4] was used to treat tuberculosis and syphilis. Gold compounds containing carbohydrates have been used in medicine, to treat rheumatoid arthritis for last 50 years, but other biological properties have been described in the literature such as antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral. The synthesis of compounds derived from carbohydrates has become increasingly important in medicinal chemistry, due to the wide range of biological activity and low toxicity by these compounds. The 1,3-thiazolidines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are an interesting heterocyclic class of compounds being present in substances with different biological activities, notably antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant and anti-cancer. The first chapter of this thesis provides a general introduction on gold, cancer and tuberculosis. The second chapter describes the synthesis of novel gold(I) and gold(III) compounds with ligands derived from carbohydrate, candidates for antitumor and antibacterial agents. The results of antitumor and antituberculosis activity presented by the gold complexes prepared are promising. The third and final chapter describes the synthesis and antitumor activity of novel gold (I) and gold(III) complexes, potential antitumor agents, derivatives of aromatic and heterocyclic ligands: 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione and alkyl or aryl phosphines. The aromatic units present different substituents on the aromatic ring in the four position to check their effect and the influence of the phosphines in antitumor activity. The gold(I) complexes were more cytotoxic than cisplatin and presented high selectivity indexes.