Associação entre fragilidade e comorbidades em idosos não-institucionlizados e seu impacto em desfechos negativos de saúde

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributors, frailty is characterized by the decline in physiological reserves and the increased vulnerability. Frailty represents an increased risk for adverse events in the elderly health. However, there are no reports of studies that assessed the impact of frailty in the health of brazilian elderly, as well as shortcomings in analyzes of sociodemographic or health conditions that may influence the syndrome prevalence. AIM: The aim of this study is assess factors associated with the syndrome prevalence, evolution of the clinical status and negative health outcomes related to frailty (falls, hospitalization and death). METHOD: A representative sample of elderly people in the municipality of Juiz de Fora ( MG ) which was assessed the fragility (Fried et al., 2001), sociodemographic and health conditions by the FIBRA group in 2009 , was re-evaluated to find the negative health outcomes between the years 2014 and 2015 (n = 304 ) in this study. Through telephone survey, was examined whether they had occurrence of falls, hospitalization, progression of frailty and mortality. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyzes of the study FIBRA, we found the female, oldest, marital status (stable marital relationship), worse satisfaction with the environment, active employment status and financial responsibilities as sociodemographic variables associated with frailty. Heart disease, depression, stroke and urinary incontinence were clinical variables associated with the clinical frame, besides the greater number of medications and worse self-related health. Falls and previous hospitalizations also showed relationship with fragility. In follow-up, there were major incidents of falls, hospitalization and death among frailty. The risk analysis demonstrated that the pre-frail has the higher risk of 55% (crude analyses) and 58% (adjusted analyses) to falls in relation to the robust. Pre-frail also were 50% more likely to become frail during follow-up and 89% more likely to die compared to who were robust. Fragile showed 1,5 time (crude analysis) more chance to die during follow-up when compared with robust people. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and health aspects influenced the frailty prevalence, and that frailty, as well as pre-frailty, can increase the risk of adverse events in healthy elderly. It is suggested fragility as a dynamic process and that some phenotype components can also increase risk of falls, hospitalization and mortality in the elderly.