Avaliação de novos análogos da talidomida quanto à inibição da produção de óxido nítrico, citocinas pró-inflamatórias e expressão de CD80 e CD 86 em macrófagos

Abstract

Thalidomide is used to treat various diseases including erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), an inflammatory complication of leprosy. However, it has severe teratogenic activity and novel thalidomide analogues might be used to treat the disease without this severe side effect. A series of diamine compounds containing two hydrolyzed phthalimido structures were chosen as analogues of thalidomide. Our results show that compounds bearing two phthalimido units could easily be obtained in high yield by condensation of phthalic or 3-nitrophthalic anhydride with the different diamines comercially available. The effects of these compounds on production of TNF-γ, IL-12, IL-10 and NO, and on expression of CD80 and CD86 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated J774A.1 cells were investigated. The level of TNF-, IL-12, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA in J774A.1 was analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Human peripheral blood (PBMC) was used to evaluate TNF-γ, IFN-α, CXCL9 and CXCL10 production. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA, NO production by the Griess assay, and CD80, CD86, CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression by cytometry. J774A.1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of the compounds (between 1 and 880 μM) and after 1h stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) and IFN-γ (0,4 ng/ml) for 18h. Human PBMC were similarly incubated with the compounds and stimulated by LPS (2 μg/ml). Three compounds greatly inhibited TNF-α, IL-12 and NO production while enhancing IL-10. In addition, CD80 expression was inhibited, but not CD86. The result analyzed by real time RT-PCR indicates that these compounds act in the blocking of post-transcriptional events. The compounds N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-benzoyl)-1,3-propanediamine, N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-3-nitro-benzoyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine e N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-3-nitro-benzoyl)-1,6-hexanediamine inhibited TNF-α production by PBMC greater then thalidomide (IC50 de 55 μM, 5 μM, 6.1 μM and 220 μM, respectively) and also had a inhibitory effect on IFN-γ , IL-6, CXCL9 and CXCL10 production. The compounds had no effect on cell viability, evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay. This work describes the synthesis and characterization novel thalidomide analogues, prepared in good yields using simple methodology. Our results suggest that the potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of these diamine compounds is potentially applicable in treating ENL and other diseases.