Composições nanoestruturadas de Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) oken com β-ciclodextrina

Abstract

The Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae) is popularly known as ―folha-da-fortuna‖, ―courona‖, ―courona-vermelha‖, ―coirama‖ and ―saião-roxo‖. It is popularly used as antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) and for treatment of gastric ulcers, diarrhea, vomiting, burns and inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to enhance the bioactivity of the ethanolic extract by developing nanostructured compositions, using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) as host matrix, followed by its incorporation into semisolid formulation for use as anti-inflammatory topic. Initially, the dried and powdered plant material was subjected to maceration with ethanol followed by partition to obtain the hexanic, dichloromethanic, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions. For the nanoencapsulation of the extract/fractions with βCD, equal amounts of extract/fractions and βCD were weighed and solubilized in ethanol and the solution was subjected to drying (40 °C) under stirring. Physicochemical characterizations were carried out in order to show the formation of inclusion compounds between βCD and constituents of the extract/fraction and, identify their properties. Constituents of the extract/fractions were identified by UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies. The identification of nanoclusters and the evaluation of the colloidal stability was made by dynamic light scattering measurements, zeta potential and conductivity. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TGA) were used to demonstrate the increase in thermal stability while solubilization tests were performed to show increased solubility in the presence of βCD. The antioxidant activity of the extract/fractions was evaluated by trials with DPPH radical, power reduction of Fe3+ and β-carotene/linoleic acid system, allowed to show that βCD was able to significantly improve the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract (P <0.005), ethyl acetate fraction (P <0.005) and hexane fraction (P <0.005), compared with the extract/fraction pure. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through ear edema model induced by croton oil, with subsequent histological analysis and assay of myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). When evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of semisolid formulations containing the inclusion compound with βCD, it was noticed an improvement in activity when compared to the formulations containing the ethanol extract in the free form, proving that the complexation of the extract components with βCD is an important strategy to consider for the formulation development for topical use.