Morbi-mortalidade dos neonatos egressos de UTI neonatal em Juiz de Fora: fatores associados

Abstract

This study aims to identify the correlated aspects that contribute for the morbimortality of newborn that has left Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) in Juiz de Fora. Another goal is to compare the morbidity and mortality rates with the rates indicated by Vermont Oxford Network. Method: Descriptive-analytical study, cohort of the NICU discharges in Juiz de Fora. Study population: all the mothers and their newborns that lives in Juiz de Fora and who were hospitalized in 2009 by Health Care (SUS). Two hundred fifty-eight newborns and their mothers took part of this work. The participants inclusion started on 01/01/2009 and finished on 12/31/2009. The data were collected by using Vermont Oxford Network (VON) forms. The children motor skill performance test (TIMP) was applied to evaluate the motor skills. Chi-square and the t-Test were used to compare proportions and averages. In order to verify the link among obstetrics, perinatal and neonatal data and the TIMP morbidity and death, bivariate and logistic regression analysis were done to identify the independent factors connect with the outcomes. The analysis were executed by SPSS version 14 and Minitab for windows version 12. It was analyzed newborns groups in general under 1501 grams and over 1500 grams. Results: 64,0% of the participants had low weight when they were born; 59,7% were male and 67,1% premature newborn. By comparing Juiz de Fora and VON, it was possible to realize that there were huge differences concerned to the intercurrences, interventions and the morbidity found in the survivals (p ≤ 0,05).The survival of NICU patients in Juiz de Fora was 84,9% and 22,4%the numbers of morbidity. By analyzing of the mortality risk factor for NICU patients, it was concluded that the variables that have shown a substantial connection with the logistic regression were: ventilatory assistance with facial mask within ten life minutes and the variation of the central nervous system. More than one third of the participants had some modification of the motor development at TIMP, considering the pattern deviation of -1 and -2. The analysis of risk factors that contributes for the alteration of the motor development concluded that the variables that have shown a substantial connection with the logistic regression were: gestational age, gender and seizures. Conclusion: The comparison of the data collected from NICU patients treated by Health Care (SUS) in Juiz de Fora with the data from VON bank shows that the frequency of the complications connected to the intercurrences and prenatal interventions, perinatal and at NICU were, in most cases, bigger in Juiz de Fora. It is expected that a suitable therapeutic strategy, based mainly on prevention and global assistance management, could bring some improvement of the clinical discharges of newborns treated at NICU.