Método do ponto de colapso aplicado na análise de contingências críticas em sistemas elétricos de potência

Abstract

The constant complexity increase of the electrical power systems demands a continuous improvement of operation and control techniques. The current supervision and control centers are characterized by functions that process collected real-time information, in order to effectively control the systems and to keep them operating in accordance with a specified schedule. The specific function to be dealt with in this work is the static contingency analysis whose objective is to provide the operator with conditions to foresee the reaction of the system to some disturbances. In general, the static contingency methods solve only the cases where the power flow problem converges, being the remainder cases with no solution or forecast. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a mathematical formulation for the static contingency analysis, in which the post-contingency loading margin is calculated from the base case loading margin. For this purpose, the point of collapse method that directly provides the maximum loading point is used. Moreover, the branch selected for evaluation of the contingency is parameterized by a scaling factor, allowing its gradual removal and assuring the convergence in situations where the conventional methods diverge for the complete branch removal. Thus, the proposed methodology yields a forecast of the system behavior due to a disturbance, even for the cases in which the complete branch removal causes the divergence of the conventional methods.