Adesão ao tratamento na doença renal crônica

Abstract

Introduction: Non-adherence to drug therapy favors the occurrence of adverse clinical outcomes in chronic diseases. Irregular use of medications can adversely impact the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regarding disease progression and occurrence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with drug therapy in patients with kidney disease, followed in an outpatient nephrology clinic of interdisciplinary care. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study which was conducted over a year from October 2007, involving 149 patients invited to participate in the study at the time of their visit. Adherence to drug therapy was evaluated by a self-report method in an interview at baseline and 12 months later. We evaluated adherence to drug classes of antihypertensive beta-blockers (BB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), diuretics, statins, and acetylsalicylic acid. The patient that reported the drugs and the respective number of prescribed pills in use in the visit that preceded the interview was considered adherent. Test Minimental State Examination (MMSE) was used to identify patients with cognitive decline, in which the assessment was done with their caregivers. Results: The univariate analysis performed at baseline showed that adherent patients (82.6%) differed from non-adherent (17.4%) due to their lower mean age (49 ± 16.8 vs 59 ± 14.1, p=0.006), use of fewer pills per day (6.3 ± 3.9 vs 8.5 ± 4.3, p=0.008), lower mean serum creatinine (1.84 ± 0.91 vs 2 32 ± 1.25, p=0.030), higher mean glomerular filtration rate (52.1 ± 29.31 vs 35.24 ± 19.03, p=0.01), absence of coronary artery disease (OR, 0.295; 95% CI, 0,096-0,902, p=0.037), such as more frequent comorbidity, and non reliance on caregivers for the administration of their medications (OR, 4.163, 95%, 1,688-10,269, p=0.003). After adjusting the logistic regression model, the factors that remained significantly associated with non-adherence were daily use of more than five pills (OR, 2.71, 95%, 0,99-7,41, p=0.052) and drug administration made by caregivers (OR, 3.53, 95%, 1,39-8,89, p=0.007). The longitudinal evaluation showed that the percentage of non-adherence increases with time, when comparing the baseline period with the final evaluation at 12 months (17% vs 27%, p=0.04). Conclusion: In the studied population, non-adherence was identified in 17.8% of the patients and significantly associated with the greatest number of pills used per day, drug administration by third parties, and with increase over the disease course.