O impacto da maloclusão na qualidade de vida de adolescentes de 11 a 14 anos de idade de escolas públicas na cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG

Abstract

The oral health is part of the overall health and is essential for the quality of life, which has been realized through a variety of forms in physical, social and psychological fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion on school quality of life between 11 and 14 years old in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and compares it with the perceptions of children in the sample evaluating potential sociodemographic factors associated. It was conducted a cross-sectional study in 368 children aged 11 to 14 years old enrolled in regular public schools. The prevalence and need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and used the questionnaire CPQ11-14 short version to measure the quality of life related to oral health (OHRQoL) of these students. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, χ2, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis and Poisson regression. According to the DAI, there was high prevalence of malocclusion (68.2%) and most school needed some kind of orthodontic therapy (56.2%). There was a significant association between negative impact on OHRQoL with malocclusion and low socioeconomic status (p<0.001). The types of malocclusion associated negatively to the children’s quality of life were spaced anterior segment, diastema, anterior maxilla misalignment and overjet (p<0.001). No statistically significant association was found between OHRQoL, sex and age. The CPQ11-14 scores for the domains showed significant with the severity of malocclusion (p<0.001). Through the Poisson model it was found that children with malocclusion have 1.40 (95% CI: 1.33-1.48; p<0.001) more likely to have negative impact on your QVRSB when compared to students without malocclusion, and those belonging to families with low and intermediate socioeconomic status have, respectively, 1.93 (95% CI: 1.81-2.05; p<0.001) and 1.22 (IC 95%: 1.15-2.05; p<0.001) most likely to suffer negative impact on QVRSB than those from families with high socioeconomic status. It was concluded that the negative impact on quality of life related to oral health of students from 11 to 14 years old of Juiz de Fora are associated with high prevalence of malocclusion and low and intermediate socioeconomic status.