A vida nas ruas: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem

Abstract

Its object is the process about health-illness-care adult who lives in the streets. We sought to understand the perspective of these, how they conceive the health-illness-care and motives that lead them to look for health care, presenting a substantive theoretical analysis that contributes to the health care and nursing. Was performed a qualitative research, grounded theory method and methodological support and analysis, the Symbolic Interactionism. It took place from March 2014 to February 2015 and the scenery were the streets of a town in the region of Zona da Mata Mineira. The Fieldwork began with an initial approach by monitoring the activities of the chamber situated in Street. Data were collected through observation, exploration and registry of notes in a field diary and semi-structured interview. It has identified and characterized the participants of the research, which were 16 adults who live in the streets, following the sampling approach and theoretical saturation, where no new data emerges and the categories are presented saturated. For textual edition of empirical data, the OpenLogos® program, allowing the encoding and interpretation.The data analysis was carried through three encoding types: open, axial and selective for further elaboration of central category. Based on the conjunction of events related to the object of study: cause, context, intervening factors, strategies of action / interaction and consequences, it was possible to distinguish the central category: Experiencing the process about health-illness-care living on the streets starting from the movement of interactive adaptation of its own symbolic universe. The data showed that the minority are female; They have active family ties; They were unable to report their income and informal functions exerted; They depend on the institutions to carry out their basic needs and mendicancy; the day-to-day is marked by psychological pressures, violence and any access to leisure; the main reasons for the one-way streets are ruptures or fragilities of family ties, unemployment and chemical dependence; and the street time varied from 2 months to 20 years. In relation to the health-illness-care, they associate the term health to good nutrition ideas, good relationships, physical and mental well being, be happy, caring for others, care of the body, be able of working and having an education;However, the street situation, even though it is hard, does not eliminate the hopes, dreams and expectation on changes. They continue to believe that the way out is possible. We know that the conditions are not equally placed to the singular men and so it it becomes necessary to establish justice and equal distribution parameters in order to access to health is made possible according to the specificities of each subject. Unaware about their previous history; they look for health services sporadically and when is there a health problem that bother them; It has the urgency and emergency units as a reference for care; and in relation to self-care stands out a search for nearby people, the gathering "in a corner" waiting for the spontaneous remission of symptoms, self-medication or irregular use of prescription drugs, use of plants, the use of drinks alcohol and other drugs.