Classificação tomográfica das raízes do terceiro molar superior associada com o rompimento da cortical óssea do seio maxilar pós exodontia

Abstract

This study established an alternative classification, between the roots and the maxillary sinus, to evaluate the chances of cortical bone perforation. Pre- and postoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography images of 70 Upper third molar were analyzed, from the database of the Radiology Clinic, FO / UFJF. The most frequent group for each classification was compared to the remaining types, grouped by the cortical bone breach of the maxillary sinus (MS). The Chi-Square test was used to compare proportions, and to measure the chance of perforation of the MS cortical bone, the Odds Ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). A 5% significance level was assumed and the mean age was 22.54 years. Regarding the roots, 25 (35.71%) were fused, and 45 (64.29%) separate, totaling 160 roots. MS cortical breach was found after extraction in 21teeth, totaling 30% of the sample. In the association between the classification of the root position in relation to the MS visualization, with the breach of the sinus cortical bone, Type II was the one that most often provoked the breach, and when compared to the other grouped types, showed a significant association (p = 0.022). In assessing the odds ratio, a three times greater chance of cortical perforation was found when the Upper third molar root belonged to Type II. In the classification for proximity of contact with the cortical bone of the SM, the fused roots of the G3 group showed a breach more often, but it was not a statistically significant difference. Among the separate roots, there was a significant association with a breach for the G4 position, only for the disto-vestibular (p = 0.008). The G4 group, most frequently related to a breach, was compared with all the other grouped roots (including fused roots), and the results were significant. We observed in this study that both fused roots and separate roots, inside or outside the sinus, can cause a breach of maxillary sinus cortical bone, and that the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography technology is fundamentally important for risk assessments, in order to avoid complications such as oro-antral communication and maxillary sinusitis.